Islamic Empires Project. "Ancient and Modern Turkey - Comparison Analysis ."
The Janissaries
National Flag
National Emblem
National Guards
Expansion of the Ottoman Empire 1300 - 1689 AD.
Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1800 - 1924 AD
Major Facts.
Ancient
Modern
Political system
Monarchy (Sultan)
Republican Parliamentary Democracy
Capital
Istanbul
Ankara
Land Area
4,034,766 sq miles
301,159 sq miles
Population
116,000,000
77,804,122
Import
wool, silk, cotton, dyes and dried fruits
machinery ,consulting services
Export
leather,skins and wool
oil, tourism , agrlicultural products
Religions
Muslim (90%), Christian, Jewish
Muslim (99,8%), Christian, Jewish
The Ottoman Empire was the one of the largest and longest lasting Empires in history.
It was an empire inspired and sustained by Islam, and Islamic institutions.
It replaced the Byzantine Empire as the major power in the Eastern Mediterranean.
One legacy of the Islamic Ottoman Empire is the robust secularism of modern Turkey.
At its peak it included: Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Hungary, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Parts of Arabia, Much of the coastal strip of North Africa
There were many reasons why the Ottoman Empire was so successful:
Highly centralised. Power was always transferred to a single person, and not split between rival princes.
The Ottoman Empire was successfully ruled by a single family for 7 centuries.
State-run education system
Religion was incorporated in the state structure, and the Sultan was regarded as "the protector of Islam".
State-run judicial system
Ruthless in dealing with local leaders
Promotion to positions of power largely depended on merit
Created alliances across political and racial groups
United by Islamic ideology, warrior code with ideal of increasing Muslim territory, organisational and administrative structures
Highly pragmatic, taking the best ideas from other cultures and making them their own. Encouraged loyalty from other faith groups
Private power and wealth were controlled
Very strong military, Expert in developing gunpowder as a military tool
Time line: Ottoman Empire
YEAR
EVENT
STATUS
13AD
The Ottomans started as one Turkish tribe among many in the Asia Minor
Rise
1299
The reign of Osman 1 founder of the Ottoman Empire, begins.
Rise
1389
Battle of Kosove. Most of Serbia is conquered.
Rise
1396
Bulgaria is conquered.
Rise
1454
Bizantine Empire is conquered. Mehmed II captures Constantinople and claims the title of Caesar of Rome
Growth
1462
The Topkapi Palace (primary residence of the Ottoman Sultans) begins to be built.
Growth
1463
Bosnia is conquered.
Growth
1478
Albania is conquered.
Growth
1480
The southeast corner of Italy is conquered.
Growth
1498
Montenergro is conquered.
Growth
1516
Egypt is conquered.
Growth
1519
Algeria is conquered.
Growth
1533
Iraq is taken under Turkish control.
Growth
1551
Libyia is taken over.
Growth
1570
Conquest of Cyprus
Growth
1574
Tunisia is conquered.
Growth
1578
Most of Georgia is conquered.
Growth
1590
Treaty of Istanbul. Georgia , Azerbaycan, Armenia as well as Iran is under Ottoman rule.
Growth
1683
Battle of Vienna. Ottoman defeated.
Stagnation
1686
Hungary evacuated.
Stagnation
1813
Serbs revolt.
Stagnation
1821
Greek war of independence
Stagnation
1830
Algeria gradually ceded to French rule.
Decline
1853
Crimean war with Russia
Decline
1878
Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria claims independence.
Decline
1881
Tunisia becomes a French colony
Decline
1882
Egypt goes under British protection.
Decline
1914
Ottomin Empire enters World War l, on the side of Germany and Austria
Dissolution
1915
Armenian genocide.
Dissolution
Time line: Turkey
YEAR
EVENT
STATUS
1923
Modern Turkey was founded from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL.
Rise
1928
Turkey becomes secular: clause retaining Islam as state religion removed from constitution.
Rise
1945
Neutral for most of World War II, Turkey declares war on Germany and Japan, but does not take part in combat. Joins United Nations.
Growth
1950
An election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power in Turkey
Growth
1952
became a member of NATO
Growth
1964
became an associate member of the European Community
Growth
1974
Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of
Northern Cyprus"
Growth
2002
January - Turkish men are no longer regarded in law as head of the family. The move gives women full legal equality with men, 66 years after women's rights
were put on the statute books.
Growth
2010
May - Relations with Israel come under severe strain after nine Turkish activists are killed in an Israeli commando raid on an aid flotilla attempting to reach
blockaded Gaza.
????
2010
October - Trial of 151 people accused of links to the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK) begins in south-eastern city of Diyarbakir.
????
Conclusion:
The Ottoman Empire was the one of the largest and longest lasting Empires in history. It was an empire inspired and sustained by Islam, and Islamic institutions.
Secularism of of the Islamic Ottoman Empire is inherited by modern Turkey. State-run judicial system, ruthless in dealing with local leaders, alliances across political and racial groups, highly pragmatic society, taking the best ideas from other cultures and making them their own, encouraged loyalty from other faith groups, controlled private power and wealth and very strong military are the factors that are common to Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey. It is in the best interests of the Turkish People and United Nations overall if modern Turkey would not repeat the mistakes and misfortunes of Ottoman Empire and become the integrated part of the Global World Economy and European Union.
by Elizabeth Gerner
Islamic Empires Project. "Ancient and Modern Turkey - Comparison Analysis ."
Major Facts.
Time line: Ottoman Empire
Time line: Turkey
Northern Cyprus"
were put on the statute books.
blockaded Gaza.
Conclusion:
The Ottoman Empire was the one of the largest and longest lasting Empires in history. It was an empire inspired and sustained by Islam, and Islamic institutions.
Secularism of of the Islamic Ottoman Empire is inherited by modern Turkey. State-run judicial system, ruthless in dealing with local leaders, alliances across political and racial groups, highly pragmatic society, taking the best ideas from other cultures and making them their own, encouraged loyalty from other faith groups, controlled private power and wealth and very strong military are the factors that are common to Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey. It is in the best interests of the Turkish People and United Nations overall if modern Turkey would not repeat the mistakes and misfortunes of Ottoman Empire and become the integrated part of the Global World Economy and European Union.
Bibliography
http://ancienthistory.abc-clio.com
http://www.naqshbandi.org/ottomans/maps/\
https://ww1history.pbworks.com/w/page/29666621/13Ottoman-Empire
http://ottomanempire.info/economy.htm
http://premodeconhist.wordpress.com/2009/03/04/panzac-d-1992-maritime-trade-of-the-ottoman-empire-in-the-1700s/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/ottomanempire_1.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1023189.stm
www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
http://empires.findthebest. com/compare/1-32/British- Empire-vs-Ottoman-Empire
http://ottomanempire.info/ economy.htm